At our first PLC meeting of the year, we took a recurring survey of how we are progressing as a collaborative team. We went over the questions, which ranged from how well do we adhere to our meeting norms to how far are we on addressing the needs of students who already have mastery of a standard before we have taught it. We’ve taken this survey a number of times, and each time we grapple more with the wording of some of the questions than with the content it seems, but it continues to provoke feelings in me that make me more and more uncomfortable.
I have been teaching for over a dozen years now. I have taught first through fourth grades, I have been a Title 1 reading paraprofessional and I have taught technology classes in a K-2 building. I cannot point to one single year where I would say I did a very effective job of teaching meaningful, whole-group, standards-based content and also very effectively addressed the needs of both my struggling students and my accelerated ones. And the more I think about this, the more frustrated I become. How could this be so hard to do?
Thinking about what I have in my lesson plans for these first starting weeks of school, I wonder how the benchmark assessments I give will really change my instruction. Our district uses the Star test to show student growth, but I have never used the information to change anything in my instruction. It will provide a general indication of a student’s reading level, and if I dig deeper into the reports, it will tell me a bit more specifically what skills the student was successful with and which ones they need additional support in, but I have never used those reports, because, when students complete an online assessment, I’ll admit, I feel completely detached from it. I don’t know what questions they were asked, I don’t know if they were hung up on the wording of the questions (like my grade level team is with our PLC survey questions) or if they truly could not complete the task. The online assessment will adjust as the student progresses, but it does not necessarily go back and re-ask a question at a lower reading level, so I don’t know if the student could have completed the task if the reading level was more appropriate. The information gathered from this assessment feels difficult to navigate, interpret and put into any kind of meaningful action.
In addition to the Star test, I also sit with each of my students at the start of the year and have them read for me. I start with a benchmark ORF passage, but I also listen to them read from a book of their own choosing. This provides me with great information, including accuracy, fluency, some decoding strategies, and basic comprehension if I have the time to ask a few questions. But there is no direct correlation to intervention based on this, either. I can identify the students that are at, below and above the benchmark, but I don’t have specific resources that I then turn to as a way to address those needs. For example, a student who can read the passage very fluently and answers my questions well gets some encouraging words from me, returns to his/her seat and the most I will do with that information is to make sure they read the higher level books for small group, and I will monitor their choice of texts when they independently read to make sure they are appropriately challenging themselves. A student who struggles to decode many of the words in the benchmark passage will be identified in my mind as a student who needs additional phonics support and so I will work with that student more regularly in small groups and one-on-ones, but what specifically I’m working on feels very vague to me and I do not have a clear set of materials or resources that I would use for such instruction. This is not to say my district doesn’t have such materials, in fact, we probably have many options. I just don’t know them, or how to effectively use them, or quite honestly, how to find, learn and implement them in a time-effective manner. For the twenty-five fourth graders that I have, if ten are below benchmark as we start the year, their needs will vary remarkably as we all know. How do I find and utilize intervention materials to address those who need very basic decoding skills, those who need very basic comprehension strategies, those who need decoding support with multisyllabic words and those who need all of the above?
I think, also, of the supports we have in place for these students. Not only is my building blessed with a great team of Title 1 paraprofessionals, but this year we also have parapros for each grade level, for whatever instructional help we need them for. This is wonderful! But when I think about the students I send out to Title (who qualify based solely on their Star scores), I have no idea what they are doing while they are with the Title team. When I gather a group together to work with a paraprofessional, I depend entirely on that parapro to know what to do with that group. I can hand over texts, or suggest they work on “main idea and supporting details” but I also recognize these people have little or no training at all in how to help students master those reading strategies.
So this leaves me quite frustrated and feeling remarkably ineffective. I mean, remarkably ineffective.
In just the last couple of years, my team has identified the “essential standards” for our grade level. We have created common formative assessments that align with those standards. We have even identified some materials that we would use to teach those standards. But that’s all mainly for whole-group instruction and assessment. And let’s face it, I could be minimally effective at teaching and reach that same exact portion of my class – some kids are just built to learn without needing much outside support. We have had, in the past and I think even this year, an online program that will help provide additional practice with various topics for those students that need additional time on a task, but again, I will have no quick and easy knowledge of what they are working on or what they are struggling with. Perhaps this program will provide some additional instruction that might help a student gain mastery, but if so, then I feel even less effective. If the computer can teach the skill, what do they need me for? Of course, it isn’t that cut and dry, but surely I must be able to provide more meaningful interactions, support and instruction than a student can receive from software?
Even as I write this, I have a stack of spelling pre-tests in front of me. I recognize right off that these are pre-tests, but I can already see many prerequisite skills that are lacking, and they are lacking in abundance. It isn’t just a student or two, but many who have misplaced capital letters. It isn’t just a student or two who clearly do not know several of the six syllable types. And it isn’t just a student or two whose handwriting I can barely read. I teach fourth grade. How do I move forward with my grade level content when I have so many that are coming to me with this much of a learning gap? Again, don’t take this as a rebuke on earlier grade level teachers!! I have been there and I know they are doing the best they can, but it is absolutely no wonder if only half my class is grade-level proficient by the end of the year when I start so far behind.
So where do I begin? I don’t write this to just lament about the status of our classrooms. I write this as a way for me to turn my focus from the problem to solutions. What is it that I need? I need quick, easy ways to assess my students reading abilities – a diagnostic tool that will tell me that this student can decode the following types of words and can comprehend and apply strategies to this level of text. I need specifics. Then, I need to have intervention options that will address those specific deficits. I need materials and resources that will help me with specific decoding strategies. Not just instructional materials, but student practice materials as well. I need a way to track progress, but also a map that shows the standard and the prerequisites necessary to get to that learning. I need the same for the comprehension standards as well. And then, as if that doesn’t feel burdensome enough, I need all the same for kids that have already mastered the standard.
My curriculum director is nodding so hard that his head is going to ache tomorrow. He knows we need this. He has been helping us work toward these goals in our PLC’s. But there isn’t even a fraction of enough time to do this well. And, to be honest, I’m not even sure why it is up to each and every grade level in each and every elementary building in each and every district in every state. The essential standards should be essential for all (perhaps with slight adjustments, but overall, I feel like there should be some pretty set standards that we can all agree are very fundamental to future learning and living.) Additionally, sharing resources, ideas, materials, curriculum, diagnostics, assessments, etc. would allow all of us to spend far less time searching, creating, implementing, revising, adjusting – and it would allow us to get students moving. I am frustrated with the idea of hours and hours of my future PLC meeting time being spent on this. I want to get students moving now.
And yes, I know, there is more of a sense of ownership when we are involved in the process of getting there. But I don’t have it in me to keep sacrificing the learning that could be happening if I had a better grip on the materials or assessments. I would much rather feel the sense of pride at helping get 70 or even 80% of my students to mastery of the essential standards at grade level. There have to be schools that are doing it right. There have to be teachers and educators and researchers who already know the most important standards and the best instructional methods to teach them, and how to effectively intervene when students don’t get them, and how to augment learning when they already have mastery.
I know teachers are leaving the profession in droves and I believe it is for a variety of reasons. We can talk about the lack of respect, we can talk about difficult parents, we can talk about the pressures on our hearts when we deal with kids in trauma and threats of school violence, but in that list as well, has to be, at least for me, the sense that I don’t feel like I am making a hill of beans of difference. I once heard an educational researcher state that if we do nothing at all as teachers, 50% of our class will still learn the materials. I don’t know how accurate that number is, but when I look at our recent state testing scores and see we have 46% that are reaching benchmarks, it makes me feel like not only am I ineffective, I am actually hindering the academic growth of some students. I don’t know how to bear the weight of that thought for one more day.